gdb 调试#

本文档介绍了如何使用 gdb 进行调试，包括在命令行和 VSCode 中的使用方法。

gdb 命令行#

在命令行中使用 gdb 进行调试的基本步骤如下：

编译程序时添加调试信息：
```
gcc -g -o myprogram myprogram.c
```
启动 gdb 并加载程序：
```
gdb myprogram
```
设置断点：
```
break main
```
运行程序：
```
run
```
单步执行代码：
```
next
```
查看变量值：
```
print variable_name
```
退出 gdb：
```
quit
```

gdb vscode#

在 VSCode 中使用 gdb 进行调试的步骤如下：

安装 C/C++ 插件（Microsoft 提供）。

配置 launch.json 文件：

{
  "version": "0.2.0",
  "configurations": [
     {
        "name": "(gdb) Launch",
        "type": "cppdbg",
        "request": "launch",
        "program": "${workspaceFolder}/myprogram",
        "args": [],
        "stopAtEntry": false,
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
        "environment": [],
        "externalConsole": false,
        "MIMode": "gdb",
        "setupCommands": [
          {
             "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
             "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
             "ignoreFailures": true
          }
        ],
        "preLaunchTask": "build",
        "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb",
        "logging": {
          "trace": true,
          "traceResponse": true,
          "engineLogging": true
        },
        "processId": "${command:pickProcess}",
        "setupCommands": [
          {
             "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
             "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
             "ignoreFailures": true
          }
        ],
        "stopAtEntry": false,
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
        "environment": [],
        "externalConsole": false,
        "MIMode": "gdb",
        "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb",
        "setupCommands": [
          {
             "description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb",
             "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
             "ignoreFailures": true
          }
        ],
        "preLaunchTask": "build",
        "logging": {
          "trace": true,
          "traceResponse": true,
          "engineLogging": true
        },
        "processId": "${command:pickProcess}"
     }
  ]
}

示例

{
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "g++ - 调试RLUD",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/code/root_tranform/runPro",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/code/root_tranform",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++ build ROOT",
            "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
        }
    ]
}

task.json

{
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "C/C++: g++ build ROOT",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "g++ -g -Iinclude -o runPro src/globals.cpp src/function.cpp src/R_LRUD.cpp $(root-config --cflags --glibs)",
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}/code/root_tranform"
            },
            "problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            }
        }
    ]
}

按 F5 开始调试。

通过以上步骤，您可以在 VSCode 中使用 gdb 进行调试。

最后更新: 2025-04-14
创建日期: 2025-03-25